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Principles of puncture drainage tube

1, carefully decide whether to place drainage, unnecessary drainage is harmful;

2. Severely polluted or infected wounds should be drained;

3. The purpose of drainage is to establish an effective channel from the drained area to the outside of the body;

4, drainage can be gravity, capillary action, siphon action or negative pressure attraction as power;

5. Drainage is a kind of foreign body to the human body, which can increase the chance of infection (abdominal drainage may become the cause of intestinal obstruction, digestive tract leakage or abdominal hernia avoidance). As far as possible, the drainage should be made of materials without stimulation to human tissues;

6. Open drainage provides a way for bacterial retrograde contamination, and closed drainage should be adopted as far as possible to avoid retrograde infection.

7. Soft and flexible drainage can reduce the possibility of erosion and necrosis of adjacent tissues due to mechanical compression. Drainage tubes with lateral holes can be blocked due to inhalation or ingestion of adjacent tissues.

8. Tamponade can not only have the effect of drainage, but also have the effect of compression and hemostasis, but long indwelling time can induce infection;

9, drainage should be taken as far as possible the shortest way to lead out, placed should ensure that its unobstructed, avoid distortion, compression, poke empty placement of drainage tube or other drainage should pay attention to the size of poke empty, elastic and in a channel (plane) through each layer of tissue;

10. Important structures (blood vessels, nerves, viscera) should be avoided when drainage is placed;

11, passive gravity drainage should be as early as possible low drainage;

12. After placing the drainage, the outer end should be fixed exactly to avoid slipping into the deep tissue or body cavity, closely observe or record the quantity and character of the drainage, and accurately record the quantity of the drainage and the date of placing and pulling out;

13. The drainage should be pulled out as early as possible, usually on the 3rd to 5th day after surgery, and the drainage placed to prevent the occurrence of diffuse peritonitis after anastomotic leakage should be pulled out on the 5th to 7th day after surgery; When the amount of the extracted material is larger, the corresponding treatment should be taken as appropriate, such as immediately in the surgical exploration of the surgical field, exit or replace drainage;

14, the presence of drainage does not necessarily guarantee the drainage effect, the patency of drainage should be often investigated, and the drainage is not smooth must be treated immediately.